
华中农业大学讯(通讯员 吴明德)近日,我校油菜黑胫病防控团队在微生物生态学领域期刊The ISME Journal上发表了最新研究成果。研究首次揭示了一种真菌病毒显著增强其宿主真菌(油菜黑胫病菌)的高温适应性及越夏存活能力。该研究从生态适应的角度阐明了真菌病毒对宿主环境适应性的调控作用,为深入理解植物病原菌的地理分布及病害流行规律提供了新的视角。
研究团队对来自我国冬油菜区和春油菜区的千余份油菜黑胫病菌菌株进行了病毒组测序分析,发现一种正链RNA病毒(Leptosphaeria biglobosa letobirnavirus 1,LbLV1)在冬油菜区菌株中的携带率高达93.1%,显著高于春油菜区(图1)。冬油菜区夏季高温持续时间较长,病原菌需经历长达四个月的越夏阶段,而春油菜区则不存在高温胁迫的压力。这种分布差异提示LbLV1可能与宿主对高温的适应性相关。

图1 春油菜和冬油菜产区中,油菜黑胫病菌群体内LbLV1的自然发生率
进一步的生物学验证表明,LbLV1能显著提升宿主菌在高温(30℃)、渗透压及氧化胁迫等多种逆境下的生长耐受性(图2)。在模拟越夏的实验室和田间试验中,携带LbLV1的菌株在油菜残秆中的存活率及分生孢子萌发能力均显著高于不携带该病毒的菌株,证明该病毒直接增强了病原菌的越夏生存能力。

图2 真菌病毒LbLV1对油菜黑胫病菌响应非生物胁迫的影响
机制研究表明,LbLV1编码的一个蛋白能够诱导宿主中一个保守的热激蛋白基因LbHsp12的表达大幅上调。过表达LbHsp12或该病毒蛋白均可显著提高宿主真菌在高温下的生长能力。该热激蛋白可能通过稳定细胞膜结构来增强真菌的高温耐受性,从而构建了一条病毒与宿主协同适应高温环境的分子通路(图3)。
该研究系统揭示了一种真菌病毒作为共生因子,如何帮助宿主病原菌适应特定农业生态系统中的气候压力,从而影响病原菌群体的地理分布格局(图3)。这一发现拓展了人们对病毒生态功能的认识,也为从病毒—宿主互作角度理解和调控作物病害的流行提供了新的科学依据。

图3. 真菌病毒LbLV1塑造油菜黑胫病菌适应冬油菜产区气候及其机制模式图
该研究得到了国家自然科学基金(32070186)及国家油菜产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-12)等项目的资助。博士研究生周康为论文第一作者,吴明德副教授为论文通讯作者。课题组李国庆、杨龙和张静,以及美国华盛顿州立大学的陈卫东教授、日本冈山大学的铃木信弘教授和已毕业博士研究生邓越参与了部分工作及论文的撰写与修改。
论文链接:https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wrag001
英文摘要:
Despite extensive exploration of fungal viromes (mycoviromes), the ecological roles of mycoviruses remain poorly understood. Hence, we investigated the virome of Leptosphaeria biglobosa (an important fungal pathogen of rapeseed) from different geographic origins to determine the impacts of external factors on virome composition and their role in fungal ecological adaptation. The viromes of different L. biglobosa groups were investigated, and viral diversity correlated positively with field disease incidence and host diversity, but negatively with the altitude of the strain collection sites. A positive single-stranded RNA virus, namely, Leptosphaeria biglobosa letobirnavirus 1 (LbLV1), one of the core virome members (predominant viruses that constitute the majority of the viral community), has a significantly high incidence in L. biglobosa populations in winter rapeseed in southern China but a low incidence in L. biglobosa populations in spring rapeseed in northern China. Further laboratory and field tests revealed that LbLV1 could increase the ability of L. biglobosa to oversummer at average temperatures ranging from 23°C to 34°C in the winter rapeseed region of China. Therefore, the variation in LbLV1 incidence between winter and spring rapeseed should be a consequence of LbLV1-mediated adaptation to climate and cropping patterns. Furthermore, one gene, namely Lbhsp12, significantly induced by the hypothetical protein of LbLV1, is responsible for LbLV1-mediated thermal tolerance. Our findings indicate that mycovirome composition reflects environmental constraints, and core viruses can drive ecological adaptation by modulating host stress responses.
审核人:李国庆
原创文章,作者:荆楚之窗,如若转载,请注明出处:https://www.jingchucn.com/84495/
